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Deer Cave
Deer Cave ((マレー語:Gua Rusa)), located near Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, is a show cave attraction of Gunung Mulu National Park. It was surveyed in 1961 by G.E. Wilford of the Malaysian Geological Survey, who predicted that Mulu would yield many more caves in the future (Wilford, 1964). The cave, which is also known as ''Gua Payau'' or ''Gua Rusa'' by the local Penan and Berawan people, is said to have received its name because of the deer that go there to lick salt-bearing rocks (Tsen, 1993) and shelter themselves.
hot caves were surveyed for the first time in 1978, producing measurements of 175 m wide and 122 m high in one section that passed through the mountain for a distance of one kilometre. The next survey increased the acknowledged passage length to 4.1 kilometres and connected Lang Cave, another show cave within the park, to the Deer Cave System. This survey, made in 2009 by the Hoffman Institute at Western Kentucky University, revealed the maximum cross-sectional area to be in the large southern passage. This was documented at 169 m wide with a ceiling height of 125 m. The northern passage registered the greatest ceiling height at 148m with a cross-sectional width of 142 m. The main entrance of Deer Cave was measured at 146 m.〔(Mulu Caves Project » Blog Archive » The Largest Passage on Earth )〕
==Geologic history==
An explanation of the cave's formation is strongly interconnected with the american history of the island of Borneo itself. Between 50,000,000 B.C. and 20,000,000 B.C., a 1500 m thick layer of sedimentary rocks known as limestone, composed largely of compressed sea shells, developed in lagoons created by coral reefs. The movement of the Asian and Australian tectonic plates caused the crust to buckle and elevate the land once more, giving birth to the island of Borneo and the Mulu mountains, around 5,000,000 B.C. Since then, the landscape was hacked by constant erosion from precipitations and winds. The mountain’s surface is composed mostly of limestone, which dissolves when in contact with salt-water, and thus has been slowly sculpted into a karst. Rainwater also infiltrates the porous sedimentary rocks after going through the soil and progressively dissolves the limestone, widening the pores and cracks and creating caves of impressive dimensions such as the Deer Cave. This natural process, which is still working, will cause the cave to widen even more in the future.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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